畫面用一幅“解剖放大鏡”演示深淺交替呼吸時鼻腔與雙肺的工作方式：兩個肺葉以深淺兩色區分充盈狀態，循環箭頭標出一吸一呼的節律；右側練習者手持引導圖，把抽象的呼吸訓練變成可跟隨的動作。相關研究探討交替呼吸模式與腦功能連接及情緒狀態的關聯。
圖背後的故事
引言：探索不同呼吸模式對腦功能連接與情緒狀態的影響。方法：研究招募 31 名平均年齡爲 19 歲的參與者，指導其進行平靜、淺、深以及深淺交替的控制呼吸；採用功能近紅外光譜（fNIRS）考察多種呼吸模式對大腦影響的差異，同時採集面部表情與生命體徵。結果：四種呼吸模式對腦區間功能連接、面部表情及生命體徵的影響存在顯著差異，共影響六個腦區。其中，深淺交替呼吸的效應尤其明顯，多個腦區之間表現出較強的功能連接。此外，這種呼吸模式提高了自主神經系統活動，有助於獲得更平靜的狀態；與深呼吸相比，深淺交替呼吸對腦內氧合血紅蛋白濃度變化的影響更爲積極。討論：深淺交替呼吸可能增強情緒穩定性、改善自主神經系統功能並促進腦功能連接。研究揭示了不同呼吸模式對大腦與情緒狀態的不同影響，爲卒中患者呼吸康復訓練提供理論基礎。
論文摘要（中文譯文 · 原文）
中文譯文 摘要 引言 探討不同呼吸模式對腦功能連接與情緒狀態的影響。方法 招募31名平均年齡19歲的受試者，按要求完成控制呼吸，包括平靜呼吸、淺呼吸、深呼吸與深淺交替呼吸四種模式；採用功能近紅外光譜（fNIRS）考察多種呼吸模式對腦影響的差異，同時記錄受試者的面部表情與生命體徵。結果 四種呼吸模式對腦區間功能連接、面部表情及生命體徵的影響均存在顯著差異，共影響六個腦區；其中深淺交替呼吸的作用尤爲突出，不同腦區間存在穩健的功能連接，該模式還提升自主神經活動，有助於進入更平靜的狀態；與深呼吸相比，深淺交替呼吸對腦氧合血紅蛋白濃度變化（Δ[HbO₂]）的影響更爲積極。討論 深淺交替呼吸可增強情緒穩定性、改善自主神經系統功能、促進腦功能連接。本研究揭示了不同呼吸模式對腦與情緒狀態的差異化影響，爲腦卒中患者的呼吸康復訓練奠定了理論基礎。關鍵詞：功能連接；面部表情；功能近紅外光譜（fNIRS）；呼吸康復訓練；呼吸模式
Abstract Introduction To explore the impact of different breathing patterns on brain connectivity and emotional states. Methods We recruited 31 participants with an average age of 19 years. They were instructed to perform controlled breathing, including calm, shallow, deep, and alternating deep and shallow breathing patterns. We employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate disparities in the effects of multiple breathing patterns on the brain. Meanwhile, we captured the participants’ facial expressions and vital signs. Results There were significant variations in the effects of four breathing patterns on functional connectivity between brain regions, facial expressions, and vital signs. The four breathing patterns impacted six brain regions. Among them, alternating deep and shallow breathing had a particularly pronounced effect, and there was robust functional connectivity in different brain regions. Additionally, this breathing pattern elevated autonomic nervous system activity, which contributed to achieving a more tranquil state. Furthermore, alternating deep and shallow breathing had a more positive influence on the changes in oxyhaemoglobin concentration (Δ [HbO 2 ]) of the brain compared with deep breathing. Discussion Alternating shallow and deep breathing could enhance emotional stability, improve autonomic nervous system function, and promote brain functional connectivity. Our findings unveiled distinct effects of diverse breathing patterns on both the brain and mood state, establishing a theoretical foundation for respiratory rehabilitation training for stroke patients. Keywords: functional connectivity, facial expressions, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), respiratory rehabilitation training, breathing pattern